Nevertheless, They Persisted: How Patterns of Opposition and Support Shaped the Survival of U.S. Abortion Clinics

Stigmatized organizations are generally assumed to face a variety of unique operational challenges. This paper examines the survival stigmatized in light such Specifically, we investigate how patterns opposition and support from multiple external stakeholders audiences affect organizational within context abortion provision United States. We use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) examine causal linkages between above factors outcomes full identifiable industry 983 clinics that were operation U.S. 2011 2017. Our results reveal existence paths survival, based primarily on either absence overt or presence like political enabled overcome other threats survival. findings show socio-political industries.